Washington Ornithological Society

Washington Birds 1: pp 6-21, 1989

View from Montlake Fill, 4 July 1983 (Dennis Paulson) Main pond on the fill,23 August 1991(Dennis Paulson)

BIRDS OBSERVED AT MONTLAKE FILL, UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON CAMPUS, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, FROM 1972 TO 1989

Kevin Aanerud
9415 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98115

Montlake Fill may claim the honor of being the most popular site for birding in the state. Its proximity to the University of Washington and easy access to hundreds of birdwatchers in Seattle are part of the reason. As important is the diversity of habitat that offers sanctuary to an impressive variety of bird species.

Although the area is part of the Center for Urban Horticulture at the University of Washington, most birders call it Montlake Fill or merely “the fill," and this name will be used herein for the entire site.

A brief history of this site is necessary to understand its character today. The opening of the Hiram M., Chittenden locks at Ballard in 1916 lowered the surface of Lake Washington by nine feet. In subsequent years a large cattail marsh was formed at the edges of Union Bay. Urban demands created a refuse dump on this marsh from 1926 to 1965. Diking and dredging in these years continued to alter the appearance of the site. The University further changed it with the construction of parking lots and playfields. In 1971 the dumpsite was covered and graded with up to twelve feet of glacial till and seeded with grasses. From 1971 to the present relatively little of the area was altered by human endeavors, but much has changed by natural forces.

The predominating aspect of Montlake Fill is a gently contoured meadow of perennial grasses. Over 150 species of flowering plants have found niches in the variety of soil conditions available. Blackberry tangles encircle much of the fill where formerly existed dikes. They, too, are scattered about the fill, forming 'thicket islands" with Scots broom. Gas-vent zones, where methane gas escapes from the underlying decomposing rubbish, are rather barren areas, too harsh for most plant species. Some remnant cattail marsh can be found on the eastern edge of the fill, and the southwestern section is also a network of cattail islands and narrow waterways.

Most of the riparian habitat is found along University Slough (the former channel of Ravenna Creek) and adjacent to the cattail marshes at the east edge of the fill. Alder, willow, and cottonwood are the dominant tree species. There are four more or less permanent ponds on the fill. These ponds were seasonal in the early 1970s, but continued subsidence has expanded their borders. Recently purple loosestrife has invaded the edges of these ponds in company with cattails, reeds, and willows. These changes have probably encouraged duck breeding, but the question arises if the fill will continue to provide suitable habitat for migrating shorebirds and other open-pond or open-grassland species.

My birding the fill began in 1972. 1 averaged two visits per week until 1980 and again from 1984 to the present. The annotated bird list is a compilation of personal records kept over this period. Many other birders have actively enjoyed the fill, and many of the sightings on this list have been shared. A rare discovery often has visited for only a day or less, and it can be difficult to get the news relayed quickly enough to other birders.

Birding at one site regularly over a period of years has always interested me. The Montlake fill has peculiarities which make birding it challenging. Migrant passerines and shorebirds are particularly susceptible to weather systems. Their movements are so transitory on the fill that on one day the whole area can be teeming with birds and the next day nothing but resident species can be found. Finding rarities is largely dependent upon happening onto one of these good days or being able to predict such an event. My experiences on Montlake have been a little of both. The following list includes the 186 species and one hybrid that I have seen on the fill.

Common Loon

A few records of flyovers in late fall.

Pied-billed Grebe

Common breeding resident. Frequents channels and cattail marsh edges.

Horned Grebe

Uncommon but occurs regularly from October through April.

Eared Grebe

Casual visitor, two on 28 October 1986 and one on 18 September 1989. This species is uncommon in western Washington and favors specific sites in its winter distribution.

Western Grebe

Earliest fall arrival on 17 September 1987. Small numbers winter, but never in sizable rafts.

Clark's Grebe

A pair of birds calling regularly to each other on 21 July 1989. Very rare in western Washington, usually seen on salt water.

Double-crested Cormorant

Usually arrives in late September; two summer records, 24 June 1986 and 17 August 1989. Most numerous on nearshore waters in spring, probably due to fish spawning activities. Latest spring birds during the third week of May.

American Bittern

In 1970s fairly common and possibly bred, as often heard in late spring and summer. Recent records of individuals on 20 March 1987 and 29 October - 18 December of the same year.

Great Blue Heron

Resident in small numbers. Successful nesting in 1989 in dense riparian woodland at the northeast comer of the fill.

Great Egret

One from 16 June - 2 July 1987.

Green-backed Heron
[now Green Heron - mch]

Most commonly seen mid August through early October, with occasional lingering into winter months; also seen each spring. In 1986 a pair attempted nesting 30 feet up in an alder, and in 1987 a pair nested successfully in cattail marsh.

Black-crowned Night-Heron

An immature from 15 August - 3 September 1987. The species is only occasionally seen in the Puget Sound lowlands away from its traditional wintering sites in the Skagit valley.

Trumpeter Swan

An adult and dusky immature flew low over the fill, called twice, and moved on northward on 15 December 1984.

Greater White-fronted Goose

Single birds present briefly during migration in September and early October of 1976 and 1986. Single immatures wintered twice (1978-79 and 1985-86), departing in early May.

Snow Goose

Individuals wintered during l978-79 and from 10 December 1984 - 6 March 1985. Another bird present 23 November - 9 December 1987, and a spring migrant remained for most of April and the first half of May 1989.

Emperor Goose

Undoubtedly the same individual that first appeared at a local park in January 1987 remained for a short while at the fill in August 1988. The large numbers of resident Canada Geese act as a magnet to other species of geese, some of which are seen at other localities in the city but then show up at the fill.

Brant

One shared company with Canada Geese for half a day in late March 1986.

Canada Goose
[ incl. Cackling Goose - mch]

The introduced subspecies moffitti (Great Basin Canada Goose) is a very numerous resident. Nesting has increased rapidly from a few pairs in the early 1970s to about 20 pairs in 1986. At least 160 young survived to maturity in the latter year. In 1987 and 1988 nesting success dropped off considerably, perhaps due to prolonged spring and summer drought conditions or because populations on the fill were already too large to be sustainable, but in 1989 nesting success rose again. The dramatic increase of this species has been observed throughout the Puget Sound lowlands. Lesser (parvipes), Dusky (occidentatis), and Cackling (minima) Canadas are seen almost each year in small numbers from late fall to early spring.

Wood Duck

Birds show up each year during fall, often in a small flock; maximum count nine on 28 August 1987. All sightings have been between 24 August (I 989) and 1 October (I 986), other than one male on 14 April 1988 and another on 25 May 1988.

Green-winged Teal

A common winter resident, seen well into spring (latest date 22, May 1986). Fall arrivals appear in rnid-August and numbers build quickly.

American Black Duck

Two records in the late 1970s, each time a bird in late summer that remained for a few months, until fully molted. They were probably drifters from the small resident population in Everett.

Mallard

Resident and common breeder

Northern Pintail

A spring migrant in very small numbers, more common August through September.

Blue-winged Teal

A common spring migrant from late April to early June. Numbers vary greatly from year to year, with 18 on 25 May 1985 the high count. Pairs have lingered well into June, but nesting has been neither observed nor suspected.

Cinnamon Teal

Like the Blue-winged, a common spring migrant, but arrives earlier (e.g., 1 April 1986). A few pairs nest each year (at least since 1985), and some remain until late September.

Northern Shoveler

One or two pairs have nested each year since 1985. Although numbers reside year-round, they are most numerous during spring and fall migration, when 30-40 can usually be found. Fall migration begins early, shortly after the first week of August. Gadwall. The most common resident and breeding duck species, nesting usually in tall grasses. A covering of matted down and plant fiber is placed over the nest whenever the female leaves it. In late spring and early summer, wild courtship flights accompanied by much loud quacking can be witnessed. These flights usually consist of one female with two males giving chase. This species has increased in numbers in western Washington since breeding was first documented in 1967. A few pairs were suspected of breeding at the fill as early as 1973, and currently 12-15 pairs breed there annually.

Eurasian Wigeon

Almost each year, one or two can be found in the company of large numbers of American Wigeons.

American Wigeon

A large flock of 80-200 birds occurs each winter from October through March. They spend much of their time feeding on the playfields or resting on channels and sloughs. Single birds often appear in late July, and one individual summered in 1987. This species seems to remain well offshore on Lake Washington in early fall, perhaps until numbers have grown sufficiently large to provide secu- rity. Only then does it venture onto the fill.

Canvasback

A few are seen each year from November to late April.

Redhead

Five records: a male on 11 December 1985, a female on 8 April 1987joined two weeks later by a male, a male on 28 February 1988, and a female on 25 May 1988. Redheads are scarce anywhere in western Washington.

Ring-necked Duck

Common from October through the winter, sometimes present into the first week of June. The highest number was 60 on 29 Novemberl987. Immatures have been seen in recent years in August.

Tufted Duck x scaup hybrid

A male, presumably the bird wintering on Green Lake, was seen on 8 April 1989 in the company of scaups.

Greater Scaup

A few most years in winter and spring. A male seen 3 June 1987 was very late.

Lesser Scaup

More common than the previous species, small groups move in and out of Montlake from September through mid May.

Common Goldeneye

A few individuals can usually be found from late October through April.

Barrow's Goldeneye

Two immature males on 25 April 1988.

Bufflehead.

A common winter resident from mid October to mid May. A female seen on 3 June 1987 was late and another on 7 August 1987 was very early.

Hooded Merganser

A year-round resident, most common in late fall and winter. April birds are usually females and immature males. yes">  A female has remained to breed each year since 1985, and two females nested in 1986. Broods vary from 8-13, but attrition is very high with only one or two surviving to fledging. The growth rate of these chicks seems remarkably slow.

Common Merganser

Occasionally seen from late October to mid April, the highest count 10 on 29 October 1984.

Red-breasted Merganser

Seen only a few times in late April and early May.

Ruddy Duck

Groups totaling 15-20 birds usually present from mid September through April. A few remain throughout the summer, with successful nesting observed each year since 1987.

Turkey Vulture

One spring record, 1 April 1986, and two fall records, 3 October 1985 and 4 November 1987.

Osprey

Averaged three sightings per year from 25 April - 29 August.

Bald Eagle

In the l970s, eagles were almost never seen at the fill, but they have occurred regularly since the early 1980s. They can be seen at any time of year, although more likely in winter and spring.

Northern Harrier

An uncommon visitor throughout the year, but the majority of records are immatures in July and August.

Sharp-shinned Hawk

Most common as a fall migrant, but on most visits from September through March one or two have been found.

Cooper's Hawk

Status similar to previous species but summered in 1985 and 1987.

Red-tailed Hawk

One to three generally winter in the area. Seldom seen during June and July.

Rough-legged Hawk

Two birds flew over the fill on a cold, windy day in late October 1974. This was a flight year for the species in western Washington, with much higher than normal numbers reported through- out the region. In usual years, only a few are observed south of the Skagit valley.

American Kestrel

Single birds seen in most years between mid August and November, often remaining in the area for two weeks or more. More rarely a bird noted in winter or spring.

Merlin

Visits the fill each year, far more regularly sighted than the kestrel. Although most common as a fall migrant, records extend from 2 October-l0 March. On 2 October l986 a Merlin caught an immature Barn Swallow as a flock of swallows gave chase to it.

Peregrine Falcon

On the surprising date of 11 July l987, a white-breasted adult circled over the fill, gaining more and more altitude, before leaving on a straight eastward course. An adult on 29 November 1987 was a Peale's (pealei) Peregrine.

Ring-necked Pheasant

Permanent resident in small numbers.

California Quail

Always present, although numbers declined in the 1980s. Difficult to find during the colder winter months.

Virginia Rail

Fairly common in cattail marshes, but not often seen. Always heard on the first warm, sunny day of late winter, but five seen on 1 December 1984 was an unusual number for winter. Freezing temperatures had occurred in the days before, and this secretive species was more easily observed along the open margins of its habitat. Probably breeds regularly; an adult with chicks in May 1987.

Sora

One or two seen most years in May or August-September. Possibly bred in 1987, as adults were observed throughout the summer and a juvenile was seen on 26 July. Most often found along the margins of the inner ponds or on the edges of the various channels.

American Coot

A common resident. Numbers greatest in the fall, when hundreds may gather offshore in the shallow waters of lake Washington. yes"> 

Black-bellied Plover

One on 12 September 1985

Semipalmated Plover

Rarely seen in spring. Five on 13 May 1986 is an unusually large number and the latest recorded.

Killdeer

Almost always present, with greatest numbers in the fall presumably indicating migration. Nesting occurs as early as March, but later attempts are more successful.

Black-necked Stilt

One on 12 May 1988 was continually harassed by crows. Off-course spring migrants of this eastern Washington species occur almost annually west of the Cascades.

American Avocet

Two spring records, 28 May 1980 and 31 March 1988. The latter is an unusually early occurrence of this species, rare in western Washington.

Greater Yellowlegs

A fairly common migrant, particularly in fall between early July and mid September. Earliest and latest fall dates 24 June 1985 and 4 October 1985.

Lesser Yellowlegs

Regular in fall and occasional in spring. Six individuals -the maximum count- seen on two dates, 16 August 1985 and 1 September 1687.

Solitary Sandpiper

Annual visitor; two or three usually seen in fall and occasional single birds in spring. Fall records extend from 9 July to 8 September.

Spotted Sandpiper

A regular migrant. Although this species bred annually in the 1970s, the only recent nesting was in 1987.

Whimbrel

Seen once on a rainy day in late September 1975. Rarely reported in southern Puget Sound.

Sanderling

Two juveniles on 25 September 1986.

Semipalmated Sandpiper

First discovered at Montlake on 29 June 1975, this species has proven to be a regular fall migrant in small numbers. Adults first appear around the beginning of July. Juveniles predominate in late July and well into August. 5 September 1985 is the latest record and four on 14 August 1989 the highest one-day count.

Western Sandpiper

A common spring and fall migrant, with 40 on I 0 September 1986 the high count. Eight on I 0 December 1984 was an unusual winter record.

Least Sandpiper

Another common spring and fall migrant, with a high count of 14 on 30 April 1987. Earliest fall date 24 June 1985.

Baird's Sandpiper

Averaged one each autumn, the extreme dates 17 August and 25 September; highest count three on 10 September 1989. A bird on 9 May 1985 was a rare spring event.

Pectoral Sandpiper

Can be quite common in fall, with 12 on 25 September 1987 the high count. Occasional in spring, but five in one day on 20 May 1987.

Dunlin

Seen at almost any time between mid October and the third week of May; high count 20 on 4 December 1986.

Stilt Sandpiper

One juvenile on 29 August 1989. Short-billed Dowitcher. An uncommon migrant, with records about equally divided between spring and fall. Most sightings are of single birds, but occasionally two noted. Spring extreme dates 21 April 1987 and 6 June 1985 (unusually late for this species), fall 9 July 1986 and 17 September 1987. This species has a preference for saltwater habitats in Washington.

Long-billed Dowitcher

A much more common visitor than Short-billed, particularly in fall. Flocks of 10-15 not unusual, highest count 25 on 13 May 1986.

Common Snipe

With the earliest fall arrival 3 July 1985, and the latest spring departure 5 May 1987, this species is present through most of the year. Two or three birds winter on average.

Wilson's Phalarope

At least one each spring, the extreme dates 9 May and 5 June; six on 16 May 1985 the most present. A bird on 1 August 1987 constitutes the only fall record.

Red-necked Phalarope

Almost each year a bird was seen in the latter half of May in the 1970s, but only two records in the 1980s: 23 May 1985 and 23 August 1989. The fall bird was a juvenile, and its appearance coincided with an incursion of many hundreds offshore in Puget Sound and on Whidbey Island.

Bonaparte's Gull

An occasional visitor in small numbers in spring and fall.

Mew Gull

A common fall and winter species, with highest numbers seen on the playfield during rainy periods. Oddly, immatures usually arrive first in mid August, a week to ten days before adults.

Ring-billed Gull

Resident species, most common in early fall. Other than Glaucous-winged, it is the only gull regularly seen in June.

California Gull

Most common in July and August when flocks are in passage between eastern Washington and the coast.

Herring Gull

Only one record, during the last week of September in l987. This adult individual was sick and died a week later. Herring and Thayer's gulls are often found elsewhere on Lake Washington but are for the most part absent from the fill, perhaps because the shallow waters of Union Bay are unsuitable for feeding.

Western Gull

An adult on 11 March 1988. Glaucous-winged Gull. Always present, although it can be scarce in June and July.

Caspian Tern

One or two each year between mid May and July. The species has become increasingly common on Puget Sound in recent years.

Common Tern

Seen occasionally in the fall, usually single birds. A tight formation of 37 flying over the fill on 2 September 1985 was remarkable, as was another flock of 26 on 3 September 1989.

Black Tern

Two on 28 May 1975, one in late May of 1976, and another in early June of l977. None has been observed since then. Only a few are reported each year in western Washington during migration.

Rock Dove

Seen regularly as a flyover, also small flocks forage for seeds on the fill in late summer.

Band-tailed Pigeon

Seen on nearly every trip as a flyover.

Mourning Dove

An uncommon spring and fall migrant. A juvenile on 16 July 1987 did not conform to the usual pattern of occurrence. Barn Owl. Three fall records: October 1972, 29 October 1984, and 4 August 1988.

Great Horned Owl

One record of a fall visitor roosting in an alder thicket.

Snowy Owl

Two wintered on the fill in 1973-74, a flight year for this species in the Northwest. Single birds also noted during the winters of 1975-76 and 1977-78. Extreme dates 20 November 1975 and 13 March 1978.

Short-eared Owl

Most often seen in fall. Many birds have remained in the area for one to several weeks. Sightings were more numerous in the 1970s, frequently two or three individuals at a time.

Common Nighthawk

A common sight over the fill during warm summer evenings in the early 1970s. Seen once since 1980, a migrant on 3 June 1988. The species is becoming ever more scarce in King County.

Black Swift

Each year, usually in late June or early July, a brief but strong summer storm or frontal system heralds the spectacle of hundreds foraging overhead at the fill. Their stay may be brief or prolonged for a day or two.

Vaux’s Swift

Numbers vary from one to 100 or more on a given day, but they occur regularly throughout the summer from May through September. Earliest arrival date 11 April 1989.

Anna’s Hummingbird

Seen only in recent years, on 13 October 1987 and 20 August 1988. The species is continuing its population growth in this region and is being found in more and more of Seattle's parks and gardens.

Rufous Hummingbird

An occasional migrant in spring and fall, especially in August.

Belted Kingfisher

Usually single birds are seen at any time of year.

Lewis’ Woodpecker

One flying over the fill on 25 August l987 and another on 1 September 1989, presumably fall migrants. Only occasionally seen in King County since its decline in the 1950s.

Red-breasted Sapsucker

One on 17 September 1987 in a small stand of cottonwoods.

Downy Woodpecker

Almost always one or two present in riparian woodland or even in clumps of Scots broom.

Northern Flicker

Common as a winter resident, occasional in summer.

Western Wood-Pewee

A regular migrant in small numbers. Seven on 15 May 1985 was as unusually high number.

Willow Flycatcher

First appears in early June, and one or two pairs usually nest. Latest departure date 11 September 1988.

Pacific-slope Flycatcher

One seen on average each fall, in the period late August to early October. All recorded as Western Flycatchers but presumably this species.

Say's Phoebe

Two early spring records, late February 1977 and 1 April 1987, and one in fall, 18 September 1986. One or two are found in most years in the Seattle area.

Western Kingbird

Seen twice in late August in 1970s and another on 10 July 1987. A rare migrant in King County.

Horned Lark

A scarce fall migrant, usually seen on only one or two dates each year, with a high count of six on 8 September 1989. Twelve on 30 December 1984, a cold, snowy day, were unseasonal.

Purple Martin

This species was a regular fall migrant in the 1970s, with flocks of 15-20 each year in late August or early September. Two on 6 September 1985 and two on 30 August 1986 are the only recent sightings.

Tree Swallow

A common breeder, the earliest arrival on 28 January 1980; difficult to find after July.

Violet-green Swallow

Common migrant and summer resident but not known to breed at the fill.

Northern Rough-winged
Swallow

Regular visitor in small numbers. Most seen in April, May, and August.

Cliff Swallow

Common summer resident. Nests on stadium and Intramural Activities Building.

Barn Swallow

Common from mid April at least through September; extreme dates 1 April 1986 and 26 October 1984. Often seen in migrating swarms on fall days. Hundreds have been observed to roost in the evening in tall grasses.

Steller's Jay

Single birds often noted in denser riparian sections. A flock of six on 19 September 1986 were the only obvious migrants.

Northwestern Crow

Common resident and nuisance to raptors visiting the fill. Hundreds sometimes invade the area in late afternoon before settling into their nearby winter roost. They frequently prey on young ducklings.

Black-capped Chickadee

Resident in riparian zones, foraging throughout the fill.

Chestnut-backed Chickadee

Three fall records: 30 August 1984, 4 November 1984, and 26 September 1986. Not usually seen with Black- capped Chickadees, which predominate in riparian habitat, but presumably wander from nearby coniferous forests, where Chestnut-backeds are more common.

Bushtit

Common resident; numbers greatest in late summer and fall.

Red-breasted Nuthatch

One in October 1987.

Bewick’s Wren

Common resident.

Winter Wren

Apparently only a winter visitor, seen rarely from late September to mid April.

Marsh Wren

Resident and breeds.

Golden-crowned Kinglet

Rarely seen, usually as a migrant.

Ruby-crowned Kinglet

Small numbers noted during migration, less often in winter.

Swainson's Thrush

Recorded in most years, usually in late August and more rarely in late May.

Hermit Thrush

One spring and two fall records: 10 September l986, 25 April 1988, and 20 September 1988. The species migrates through the Seattle area rather quickly and winters only in small numbers.

American Robin

Always present, but greatest numbers during migration. Nests fairly commonly in cottonwoods, alders, and Scots broom.

Varied Thrush

Seldom recorded, although sometimes seen in April and in late fall.

American Pipit

Most commonly seen from early September through October and in April-May, often in small flocks of 5-15. Sometimes seen in winter months.

Cedar Waxwing

Usually arrives around mid May and common throughout the summer. Large numbers often pass through in fall, as on 25 September 1986 when 100 were seen.

Northern Shrike

Occurs regularly in October, with single birds usually lingering into winter. Two individuals on 1 April 1986 were the latest in spring.

Loggerhead Shrike

A rare visitor west of the Cascades, one was seen on 10 April 1989.

European Starling

A resident species with numbers augmented by the addition of hordes of juveniles in late summer. On warm summer days this species can be seen flycatching over the fill.

Solitary Vireo
[now Cassin's Vireo, mch]

One in riparian willows on l8 June l987, a surprisingly late spring date.

Warbling Vireo

Recorded annually in small numbers, particularly mid August through early September. Most seen five on 28 August 1989.

Red-eyed Vireo

Twice seen in late spring in the mid 1970s, both times singing in what might be considered appropriate breeding habitat.

Orange-crowned Warbler

Especially common as a migrant in August and September. Fifty on 10 September 1985 was an unusually high number for anywhere in the area. A late individual on 20 November 1984.

Nashville Warbler

One on 10 September 1985.

Yellow Warbler

Usually arrives in mid May, and one or two pairs breed each year. A very common fall migrant, particularly in late August and early September. The highest count was 25 on 25 September 1986.

Yellow-rumped Warbler

Common as a migrant and regularly winters. Both Audubon's (auduboni) and Myrtle (coronata) arrive in spring at about the same time and in similar numbers. Audubon's precede Myrtles in the fall by two or three weeks, with first arrivals in early September; Myrtles are predominant in October. Only Myrtles are found wintering in most years, but an unusually large flock of 30 wintering in 1987 contained equal numbers of both subspecies.

Black-throated Gray Warbler

A few, mostly immatures, are found each fall in riparian habitat; extreme dates 24 August and 20 September. The most seen in one day was six on 20 September 1988.

Townsend's Warbler

Uncommon visitor in fall.

American Redstart

An adult male in dense riparian woods on 26 August 1988.

Northern Waterthrush

This species, a rare visitor, made a brief appearance on 17 August 1989.

MacGillivray's Warbler

Three fall records: 10 September l985,16August 1989, and 24 August 1989.

Common Yellowthroat

A summer resident and common breeder, with the earliest arrival 29 March 1986.

Wilson's Warbler

Fairly common spring and early fall migrant. One seen 3 November 1986 was very late.

Western Tanager

Uncommon migrant, most regularly seen around mid May.

Black-headed Grosbeak

Two records, 17 August 1985 and 31 August 1988. Although a fairly common migrant and local breeder in Seattle, this woodland species is surprisingly seldom seen on the fill.

Lazuli Bunting

One female or immature on 19 August 1988.

Indigo Bunting

An immature on 14 September 1988.

Rufous-sided Towhee
[now Spotted Towhee, mch]

Small numbers throughout the year, most commonly in winter.

American Tree Sparrow

Averages one or two annually, most often in late October or November but sometimes in winter.

Chipping Sparrow

Three records of immatures in September and one adult singing in Scots broom on 3 June 1988.

Vesper Sparrow

Three records: 8 May 1976, 5-12 September 1985, and 11 September 1986.

Black-throated Sparrow

A single bird on 19 May 1989 in dense Scots broom.

Savannah Sparrow

A common summer resident and breeding species. Arrives in mid March and has been found as late as 26 November. By late August most nesting birds have dispersed, but migrants occur, often in large numbers, through mid September; 200 on 26 September 1986 was the high count.

Fox Sparrow

Usually a few present from late September through April.

Song Sparrow

Common resident and breeding species.

Lincoln's Sparrow

Small numbers migrate through each fall from late August through November, fewer in spring. Occasionally winters, at least six birds in 1984-85.

Swamp Sparrow

Seen once, 20 November 1987.

White-throated Sparrow

An immature on 26 October 1984 in the company of Golden-crowned Sparrows and Dark-eyed Juncos.

White-crowned Sparrow

Most common as a spring and fall migrant, winters irregularly, and a few pairs usually nest.

Golden-crowned Sparrow

A common spring and fall migrant; often winters in small numbers. Extreme dates 4 September 1989 and 26 May 1989.

Dark-eyed Junco

This species visits the fill irregularly fall through spring, usually in small flocks.

Lapland Longspur

A regular fall migrant in the 1980s. Extreme dates 10 September and 7 November, a flock of twelve on 3 October 1986 the largest number recorded. In the 1970s this species was often found in late April and early May as well, sometimes in full breeding plumage. An adult male on I July 1975 was a very unseasonable occurrence.

Snow Bunting

Two winter records, in November 1975 and February 1976.

Red-winged Blackbird

A year-round resident and common breeder. Flocks of hundreds often seen in late September and October.

Western Meadowlark

A few birds appear annually in spring (extreme dates 27 March 1986 and 9 May 1985) and fall (extreme dates 17 September 1987 and 23 November 1987). Eight on 26 September 1986 the most seen on one day.

Yellow-headed Blackbird

Uncommon but some noted each year, arriving as early as 1 April and sometimes lingering through the summer months. Latest fall date 4 September 1989. Females and first-year males most often seen.

Brewer's Blackbird

Four records, all in fall: 31 August 1986, 19 September 1986, 27 September 1987 (3), and 11 October 1989. The species is locally common in King County.

Brown-headed Cowbird

Adults most commonly found from mid April through early June. Late summer and fall birds are usually locally fledged juveniles. Common Yellowthroats and House Finches have been observed feeding juvenile cowbirds on the fill.

Northern Oriole
[now Bullock's Oriole - mch]

Uncommonly recorded in spring. Nested in a large willow in 1986.

Purple Finch

Occasional visitor, most regularly in spring and fall and less often in winter.

House Finch

Common resident and nesting species. Numbers greatly augmented when thistles are available in mid August and September.

Red Crossbill

Rarely seen, usually as a flyover. A flock of 15 foraged on birch trees on 2 May 1985, a spring during which this species was especially common in the University district.

Pine Siskin

Noted only occasionally in small flocks during fall, winter, and spring.

American Goldfinch

Common year-round and breeds in small numbers. Can be abundant on thistles in late August, and September.

Evening Grosbeak

Occurs from September through May, most often as flyovers. A sighting of several immatures in late June 1980 was surprising.

House Sparrow

Fairly common resident. Large flocks sometimes recorded in fall.

 


Dusky and Great Basin Canada Geese, 30 April 1986 (Dennis Paulson)

Northern Shovelers, 9 March 1985 (Dennis Paulson)

(Jim Erckmann)

(Dennis Paulson)

Juvenile European Starlings mobbing crow, 4 July 1983 (Dennis Paulson)

 Manuscript received 30 August 1989

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